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Infectious Bronchitis causes damage mainly in the respiratory and reproductive tract. Disease spreads rapidly 18-36 hour incubation period. Clinical symptoms generated varies depending on age chickens. Chicken trouble breathing so that try meanjangkan breathe with neck and beak open wide, snoring and if the sneezing snot discharge. These symptoms disappear within 2-3 days but then decreased appetite and die. The death rate can reach 25%. In general, deaths at age more than 6 weeks less than the chicken age of 6 weeks or less.
Cause Disease
IB is caused by a virus entering classes corona and RNA structure. Known some serotypes namely Massachusetts, Connectitut, Georgia, of Delaware, Iowa 69, New Hampshire, Australian T & Arkansas California.
Cross immunity between some serotypes are not sufficient to protect the body against viral infection of chicken nature. Given the number of serotypes of the virus, and immunity to cross the digunakn success of vaccination should be a vaccine that contains virus serotypes are areas where the vaccination will be carried out.
Symptoms Disease
Disturbance that is visible is out mucus from the nose, shortness of breath, ngrok, gasping / skelter, sneezing and coughing. Eyes always look wet, wide angle and very medial niktitan red membrane. Appetite and drinking decreased. All ages are sensitive to chicken srangan IB, but the mortality especially in children ranges from 0-40% chicken. Young chicken who successfully recovered from the IB, the growth and production becomes inhibited. Tools and reproductive tract could be so badly damaged a chicken laying an egg can not produce. This is due to permanent damage to the ovaries and fallopian tubes due serangat IB disease at the age of chicks kuarng 2 weeks. Chicken egg like this can seem to stay healthy and at times plays like will lay eggs but never produce eggs. Disease in broiler Ib causes weight standard is not achieved, and increase the odds of respiratory disease.
In laying adult chicken voices will be heard snoring breathing time, egg production decreased between 10-50%. Low production sometimes occur within a very long time. Low quality due to eggs into egg shape is not normal, rough or soft eggshell. Thick egg white becomes very dilute so can not be distinguished from liquid egg white, egg hatching decreased power.
IB attacks against the influence of egg production at various age levels Chicken egg:
1. In young laying chickens, can cause late period of egg production, egg production may not reach the summit and was always laying low or the appearance of false. False laying chickens crouch as if to lay their eggs but did not come out.
2. In laying chickens that were in the critical period, which began laying period until the peak of production, resulting not reached peak production and egg production under the standards during the production period.
3. On top of Chicken production has elapsed, egg production dropped rapidly and after recovery production may rise again but under standard production.
If the surgery done carcass will appear on respiratory disorders, airbags, ovaries and oviduct, and sometimes the kidneys. Changes in the respiratory tract in the trachea. bronchi and nasal cavities that are found in serous secretions. Tracheal mucous membrane on a reddish, bags became cloudy dab udar there is a thickening.
At Chicken of the production, the ovaries become weak and tender. Often found in egg yolk in the abdominal cavity so that it will happen inflammation of the peritoneum. Are found in the kidneys that typically accompanied by swelling of precipitation. IB attacked chickens susceptible to other diseases. This will mjam. Resulting situation becomes more severe disease and a respiratory disease that is difficult to cure. It is because there is damage to the ciliated respiratory tract mucous membranes, especially in the nasal cavity and trachea. Cilia became broken and not berffungsi, so there is no longer that help block the disease-causing germs masuknay into the respiratory mucous membranes. This condition caused Escherechia coli bacteria and germs easily enter.
Contagion in the very short time. Within 2-3 days most or all the chickens in a cage becomes sick. 18-36 hour incubation period. IB is the most rapid disease spread among other infectious poultry diseases. Transmission does not occur through the eggs. The source of transmission was virus ayamsakit yangmengeluarkan along dibatukan mucus or phlegm is removed from the eye / nostril. Transmission occurs directly where healthy chickens inhaling air containing the virus particles. Transmission can also occur indirectly. ie, if the contaminating virus shed workers, peraltan the cage, insects, wild chicken / other animals into the body of healthy birds through the digestive or respiratory tract.
Disease Control
Prevention:
1. Vaccination. Vaccine production during the test can use active or inactive vaccine. In order to determine more quickly when vaccination monitoring should be done every month antibody titer.
2. Perform sanitation cage (cage cleaned, washed and antisep sprayed with), limiting visitors, prevent wild animals and other pets into the cage environment.
Treatment:
Have not found a drug that can cure infectious bronchitis. Businesses that may be performed on an infected chicken is a chicken body condition quickly improved and hence stimulate appetite by providing vitamins. IB attacked when young chickens (starter period), can also be given additional heating.
Vaccination is done with the purpose of giving immunity to the body of the vaccinated chickens from disease. There are several vaccines that are named according to the type of disease that becomes sasaranya. There is no vaccine ND, IB, ILT, AI and others. With acquired immunity because the action of this vaccination, the breeders do not have to worry about any disease outbreaks that come at any time.
Thus, the chicken disease prevention through vaccination programs and should receive priority attention. Lax implementation of vaccination can be fatal, which is chicken specific disease difficult to overcome. Until now ND deaths from the disease also remains a major threat.
The emergence of vaccine immunity by entering into the chicken body and the process takes time. For example, the vaccine caused the immune ND gradually in stages. Immunity arose after 5-7 days after the chickens vaccinated. Then the immunity will continue to increase until 2-3 weeks after vaccination done. Before the immunity, ie 0-5 days after vaccination, a negative phase. Negative phase means the phase when the chicken is in the condition it is more susceptible to disease than chickens that are not in the vaccine.
Long immunity produced by a vaccine depends on the type of vaccine itself:
1. Lentogenik ND vaccines, such as strain M, a weak strain capable of providing immunity only for 3 months. Such vaccines are well suited as the basic vaccines, given to the chickens that had never been vaccinated.
2. Lasota vaccine is the vaccine strain is, this vaccine is given to the chickens that had been in the vaccine or adult chicken. This vaccine can provide immunity for 6 months.
3. Mesogenik vaccine, vaccine-like strains komarrow, the vaccine strain of malignant, which can provide immunity in a longer time, which is about 12 months. Such vaccines should not be given to the chickens that had never been vaccinated. \
But the practice in the field, for laying chickens on our farm, do revaksinasi ND 1 month.
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Egg Drop Syndrome is a disease in chickens characterized only by a decrease in the quality and quantity of egg production, but the chicken will still appear healthy. The disease was discovered in 1976, hence given the name Egg Drop Syndrome'76 (EDS'76). This disease has now spread throughout the world including Indonesia.
Cause disease
EDS'76 caused by adenovirus type viruses that are to Agglutination (agglomerate) blood cells, red birds.
Symptoms
The disease often occurs in laying chickens 25-26 weeks of age. Chicken looked healthy, showed no symptoms except for a decrease in production was accompanied by a drastic decline in egg quality. Usually the greater the reduction in the quantity of eggs that produced the lower the quality too. But sometimes precedes the decline in egg quality decrease in egg production. eggshell eggs change color became more pale, soft or rough and deformed eggs or small.
Egg production will decrease 20-40% over 6-10 weeks. Eggs that deviate from the normal form of the bud decreased (fertility) and the hatching. At surgery an infected chicken carcasses found in disorders such EDS'76 spleen mmembesar with the little white spots enlarged, the uterus (oviduct) become loose and there is edema in subserosanya network. Mucosal folds and membengkat uterine edema, blurred terselaputi colored exudate, sometimes found in yellowish perkapuran material between the folds of the uterine mucosa. Mild reduction in egg yolk.
Disease Transmission
Infectious diseases horizontally and vertically. EDS caused the infection of eggs hatching into fall so that the amount of DOC from the parent EDS contracted only slightly. But there will still be attacked by EDS's parent still looking healthy and produce contaminated eggs lightly EDS virus that can hatch into DOC.
This needs to watch out for during the DOC grow, the virus remains EDS didalamm body and as if asleep. At the time the chicken started laying eggs, the asleep EDS virus and the number slightly, to wake up. Proliferate and spread to other chickens in a cage. when the chicken will reach the peak, production is growing EDS virus could rise before clinical symptoms if there is no prevention efforts.
Apart from the DOC contracted as mentioned above, transmission can occur horizontally. EDS'76 a successful virus spread in chicken body multiply and spread to other chickens during the grower and the chickens stay healthy. But later on when you begin laying eggs until they reach peak production of clinical symptoms of EDS ready to appear if there is no prevention efforts. Source of infection can be carried along with the eggs hatching, hatching equipment, and "egg tray". Disease control
Prevention:
1. EDS'76 vaccination at the age of 16-18 weeks.
2. Conducting sanitation cage (cage cleaned, washed), limiting visitors, to prevent wild animals and other pets into the cage environment. Transport and sanitation facilities that will sapronak into the stall.
3. Farm denggan well managed so as to create a comfortable atmosphere for the chicken, the chicken in a cage is not too crowded, dusty and litter not too humid. Adequate and stable ventilation wherever possible implemented system all in all out.
Treatment:
There is no medicine that can cure this disease, efforts that can be done is to maintain body condition remained good and increase your appetite with vitamins. Secondary infections prevented by giving antibiotics.
There are various kinds of common disinfectants used to wash and disinfect the equipment cage. Each disinfectant has the power and the nature we need to learn.
1. Coustic Soda (NaOH), soda ash. Coustic Soda (NaOH) 2% can be used to control the spread of disease, caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. This material is very good for the virus exterminator, but in its use must be careful, because this material is hard. The user must be using rubber gloves, because in a certain concentration can irritate the skin. Therefore, it would be dangerous if exposed to the face and eyes. spent in the cage disinfection with caustic soda, should be left blank until stable conditions such as floors and walls are dry. or if necessary, after disinfecting contact with the floor and walls, for + - 8 hours, can be rinsed with clean water. caustic soda solution is very effective to kill the IB and ND viruses.
2. Lysol. Disinfectants are used to sanitize cages and equipment after the depopulation (the emptying of the cage) is made after the chicken out or hit by plague. Compared to phenol, lysol disinfectant ability as a better bacteria and non-toxic. Lysol many Dapasaran sold with 100% concentration while 2% dalampemakaianya enough alone, so if you use must be diluted first.
3. Phenol 2%. It is a derivative (derivatives) of phenolkresol. In general, derivatives are highly resistant to the resistance of the remaining organic siasa. Phenol is very suited to sanitize the cages and wash tub footwear.
4. Jodophor (halogen). Disinfectant group is usually called by the name of halogens. This is a synthetic material of iodine (halogens) and organic substances. This is very effective disinfectant for all bacteria, fungi, viruses, and can be used in a variety of purposes. Jodophor besides functioning as a disinfectant as well as serve as snitaizer and antiseptika.
5. 40% formalin (formaldehyde). Formalin as a disinfectant can be used in various purposes, including the following :
1. To sanitize the floor and walls of the cage, use a solution of formaldehyde in water 4%.
2. To decontaminate footwear, used a solution of formaldehyde in water 0.5% -1%.
3. As a material or element Fumigation. On another occasion I will write this way the use of formalin for fumigation.
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Chicken Anemia Agent (CAA) to attack all ages, sensitivity to infections decreased at 2-3 weeks of age. CAA infection accompanied with Marek's attack, Reovirus and IBD will result in increased morbidity and mortality due to reliability weak body against disease. The disease is caused by a virus family that has Cirrcoviridae DNA genome.
Symptoms Disease
Yam died suddenly (acute). CAA infection in young chickens causes stunted growth. During produkksi causes rapid production decline. Anokreksia, depression, lethargy and drowsiness (letargic). Comb and wattle pale, anemia. Are sometimes found in the muscle ganggrenous dermatitis which then ended with necrosis. On the wings of bleeding and turned blue and a thick discharge. On a mild infection, found no clinical symptoms. Death can be up to 60%, but generally 10-20%.
Carcasses found on the reduction of surgical thymus, spleen and bursal Fabricius. pale bone marrow and fat. Bleeding in the muscle under the skin. Sometimes found dermatitis and an enlarged liver. Damage to organs and haemopoetik CAA lymphopoetik that can inhibit the formation of immunity (immuno suppressif) that can cause failure of vaccination.
Disease Transmission
Vertically from the ill parent and horizontally from chicken to chicken ill health.
Disease Control
1. Prevention. CAA vaccination in both the active vaccine or an inactive vaccine to raise the parent antibody for egg production so that the DOC has produced high maternal antibodies.
2. Treatment. There is no cure for this disease. Providing vitamins and antibiotics to prevent secondary infection.
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